What constitutes a financial crisis?

A financial crisis is characterized by a rapid decline in the value of financial institutions or assets, which can precipitate broader economic turmoil. This dramatic drop in value can lead to a loss of confidence among investors and consumers, triggering bank runs, a decrease in lending, and heightened volatility in financial markets.

During a financial crisis, the interconnectedness of financial institutions can magnify the effects of declining asset values, leading to a cascade of failures and a contraction in economic activity. Such events often have far-reaching implications, affecting not only financial markets but also the real economy through declines in investment, production, and employment.

While events that lead to a decrease in consumer confidence can contribute to a crisis, they do not inherently define it. Steady increases in asset values or dramatic rises are indicators of robust market conditions, rather than indicators of crisis. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for risk management and anticipating potential threats to financial stability.